Glossary

AML

Anti-Money Laundering checks required before an investor can use the platform. Stock.estate uses AML controls alongside KYC verification to confirm identity and check the origin of funds.

BCR

Banca Comerciala Romana, the payment institution referenced in the FAQ. Investor money moves through this payment infrastructure rather than being mixed with Stock.estate's operating cash.

Cashback

An incentive used on selected campaigns. The FAQ says cashback is calculated after the fundraising period closes, then becomes available in the following month as money that is ready to invest.

Collateral agent

An independent company within the Stock.estate group that manages collateral on behalf of investors. For secured campaigns, the collateral agent is the party that can coordinate enforcement if the developer does not repay.

Crowd-lending

A crowdfunding model in which many investors lend money to a borrower. On Stock.estate, the borrower is usually a real estate developer and investors earn through interest paid under the loan contract.

Default

A situation in which the borrower fails to repay according to the contractual obligations and the issue is no longer just a short operational delay. The live statistics page currently shows 0 defaulted loans on the public dashboard.

Developer

The project company or borrower raising money through a campaign. In the Stock.estate structure, the developer receives the loan proceeds and owes principal plus interest back to investors.

Digital wallet

The investor account area where repayments, interest, and available balances are tracked on the platform. The FAQ describes interest as being credited to the wallet according to the repayment schedule.

Due diligence

The review process performed before a project is published. Stock.estate says it checks factors such as company solidity, business plan quality, track record, market potential, and the characteristics of the underlying property.

Enforceable title

Under the explanation on secured projects, Stock.estate says the relevant lending contracts have the legal status of enforceable title under Romanian crowdfunding law. In practice, this is meant to support a faster recovery route if enforcement becomes necessary.

ESMA

The European Securities and Markets Authority. Stock.estate references its ESMA register entry when describing its regulatory status.

FAQ tab

One of the five main public FAQ sections on the site: General, Crowdlending, Legal, Fees, and Risks. These tabs are the main source material for this glossary and for the GEO content pack.

Funded campaign

A campaign that reached the required fundraising target and proceeded into the lending stage. The public statistics page showed 17 funded campaigns on March 10, 2026.

Guarantee

An extra layer of protection attached to some campaigns. Depending on the project, the FAQ refers to guarantees such as mortgages, bank guarantee letters, or pledges of shares.

KYC

Know Your Customer verification. Investors must complete KYC before investing, and the platform may request information proving identity and source of funds.

Liquidity

How easily an investor can convert an investment back into cash. Stock.estate investments are less liquid than bank deposits because they are tied to project-level loan terms and repayment schedules.

Loan agreement

The central contract behind a Stock.estate investment. It creates the legal relationship between the investor and the project developer and defines the repayment schedule, interest, and contractual rights.

Mortgage

A registered real estate security interest over property. The FAQ states that, starting from the second half of 2025, projects listed on Stock.estate are secured by a registered real estate mortgage in favor of investors.

Portfolio diversification

Spreading capital across different projects, terms, or property types rather than concentrating everything in a single loan. The FAQ presents diversification as one of the main ways to lower risk.

Reflection period

A four-calendar-day window after placing an investment order during which the investor can revoke the expression of interest without penalty and without providing a reason.

Recovery

The process of pursuing repayment when a borrower fails to meet obligations. On a secured campaign, this can include enforcing the mortgage or other collateral through the collateral agent and the legal process.

Sophisticated investor

An investor who understands the risks of these investments and has the financial capacity to bear them. Investors who do not meet those thresholds are treated as non-sophisticated and should be more conservative with allocation size.

Withholding tax

Tax retained from interest income before the investor receives the final net amount. The FAQ says Romanian individuals are generally subject to 10% withholding tax, while foreign investors may fall under treaty-based rates if they provide a tax residency certificate.

Internal linking targets

• /faq/general
• /faq/legal
• /faq/fees
• /faq/risks
• /how-it-works